油价正在下跌英文_油价即将调整或下跌什么意思啊英语

1.用英语来表述对某一经济问题的看法

2.货代公司的文件文员需要认识哪些基本的贸易英语

Increasing the price of petrol is the best way to solve growing traffic and pollution problems.

To what extent do you agree or disagree? What other measures do you think might be effective?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.?

Write at least 250 words.?

Sample answer

Traffic and pollution problems produced by vehicles he become issues that bother both s and citizens in many major cities across the world.

Recently, some people propose that the best way to cope with this problem is to increase the oil price. I personally believe that pricing is too simple an roach to ease traffic pressure and air contamination.?

Admittedly, raising oil price might be helpful to limit the number of cars?to some?extent. This is mainly because the higher fuel cost would increase the financial burden on erage people and families who he limited disposable income, as well as those who do not he urgent demand for a private car. Under this policy, the general public are very likely to turn to public transport modes which are more affordable, rather than drive on their own for commuting or sightseeing. With less vehicles on the road, the traffic system will run more efficiently and the harmful emissions produced by transport such as CO2 and atmospheric particles will be reduced accordingly.

However, the outcome of the pricing policy could turn in an opposite way. For example，? considering the financial pressure on ordinary people, we can expect huge social complaints after the implementation of this policy，which forces them to spend less in shopping and other sectors that closely related to their quality of life. As a matter of fact, compared with raising the price of oil, roaches such as improving the choices of public transport services and developing eco-friendly energy seem more innovative and sustainable. For example, it is feasible for the to build more underground systems and sky trains in big cities. If sufficient and more affordable public transportation tools are offered to city dwellers, the reliance on private vehicles will drop significantly. Besides,?Once clean energy such as solar power and electric cars were put into use on a large scale, the air contamination could be eased to a large extent.

In conclusion, pricing is neither the best nor the sole solution to deal with the problem.? More effective methods, ranging from improving transport choices to exploring new energy, are better to be taken by authorities when dealing with traffic and environmental issues.?

范文译文：

车辆产生的交通和污染问题已经成为困扰世界各主要城市的和公民的问题。最近，有人提出解决这个问题的最佳方法是提高油价。我个人认为定价是缓解交通压力和空气污染的简单方法。

诚然，提高油价可能在一定程度上有助于限制汽车数量，这主要是因为高昂的燃料成本将增加可支配收入有限的普通民众和家庭的财务负担，以及降低对私家车的非迫切性购车需求。在这种情况下，公众很可能会转向使用一些能负担得起的公共交通工具，而不是自己开车上下班或观光。随着道路上车辆的减少，交通系统将更加高效地运行，相应地减少了诸如二氧化碳和大气颗粒物等有害排放。

然而，定价政策的结果可能正好相反。例如，考虑到普通民众的经济压力，我们可以预见到这项政策实施后会有巨大的社会抱怨，这迫使他们减少在购物等与其生活质量密切相关的领域的支出。事实上，与提高石油价格相比，改善公共交通服务选择、开发环保能源等方式似乎更具创新性和可持续性。例如，在大城市建设更多的地下系统和空中列车是可行的。如果为城市居民提供足够且更实惠的公共交通工具，对私家车的依赖将大幅下降。此外，一旦太阳能、电动汽车等清洁能源大规模投入使用，空气污染可以得到很大程度的缓解。

总之，定价既不是解决问题的最佳方法，也不是唯一的解决方案。在处理交通和环境问题时，当局最好取更有效的方法，从改善交通选择到探索新能源等。

话题链接

气候变暖；交通拥堵；能源危机或短缺；空气污染的的原因和解决办法

词汇短语精选：

people propose that：有人提出...

too simple an roach: 方法太过于简单

pricing/ charging：收费，调价政策 (价格调控）

ease traffic pressure：减通压力

air contamination：空气污染

fuel cost：燃料成本

increase financial burden on sb: 增加…的财务负担

erage people and families；普通人，普通家庭

disposable income：可支配收入

less urgent demand：需求不紧急

Turn to: 转向…? ( search for? 寻求帮助或办法）

affordable：可支付的起的，亲民的

Rather than do: 而不是...

commuting or sightseeing: 通勤或观光

atmospheric ?particles：大气颗粒物

social complaints：社会抱怨

the combination of: 结合…（手段，方式）

eco-friendly energy sources：环保型能源

major cities：大城市

it is imperative that：迫在眉睫的是

sustainable and renewable：adj. 可持续，可再生

pollution- free：adj.无污染的，

put sth into use：将…投入使用

higher fuel cost：更高的燃油费

enhance awareness of：加强…的意识。

low-carbon ?life：低碳生活

advocate/promote：vt. ?倡导

用英语来表述对某一经济问题的看法

toll和people作为“人”的主要区别是：toll 指的是伤亡人数；people指的是（普通）人。我们可以通过下面的表格把这两个单词做一个对比：

toll和people作为人的用法举例：

1.The official death toll has now reached 7000.官方公布的死亡人数现已达7 000人。

2.There?aren't?that?many?people?here. 这里并没有那么多人。

一、toll和people 的解析

1、toll 作为名词（人）的意思是：伤亡人数。

音标：英 [t?l] 美 [to?l]?

n. 伤亡人数；(道路、桥梁的)通行费；(战争、灾难等造成的)毁坏；(缓慢而有规律的)钟声；长途电话费

v. (缓慢而有规律地)敲(钟)；(尤指)鸣(丧钟)

第三人称单数： tolls；复数： tolls；现在分词： tolling；过去式： tolled；过去分词： tolled

常用短语

death toll 死亡人数

take its toll 造成损失，造成伤亡

road toll 养路费；道路收费

toll station n. 收费站

2、people可用作名词，基本意思是“人,人们”，是集体名词，没有复数形式

音标：英 [?pi?pl] 美 [?pi?pl]?

n. 人；人们；大家；(统称)人民，国民；民族；种族；雇员；客人；家人

vt. 居住在；把…挤满人；住满居民

person的复数

常用短语

many people 许多人；很多人；好多人

some people 有些人；有人；一些人

other people 其他人

chinese people 中国人

二、toll和people用法区别

1、toll的用法

（1）作为名词，意思是伤亡人数、过路费。比如：

The official death?toll?has now reached 7000.官方公布的死亡人数现已达7 000人。

I crossed the high iron bridge and stopped to pay?toll.我过了那座高高的铁桥，停下来付过路费。

（2）作为动词，意思是：(缓慢而有规律地)敲(钟)；(尤指)鸣(丧钟)。比如：

The bell tolled again in the yard below.楼下院子里的钟再次响起。

（3）take a/one's toll on 产生负面影响；造成损失；产生严重的不良影响

Data showed factory activity slowed in January as restrictions took a toll in some regions.数据显示，由于一些地区的限制措施造成的负面影响，1月份工厂生产放缓。

2、people是一个单复数同形的单词

（1） 表示“人”，是一个只表示复数意义的可数名词（注意不用词尾-s），可以说 some people（一些

人），many people（许多人）等，但不能说 a people 或 one people。?

（2）表示“民族”，此时为可数名词，其前可用不定冠词，也可有复数形式。如：

The Chinese are a hard-working people. 中国人是一个勤劳的民族。

（3）泛指“人们”时，其前不用定冠词；泛指“人民”时，其前通常要用定冠词。如：

People say oil prices will be going up soon. 人们说油价快要上涨了。即使其后受到限制性定语的修饰，也不一定就必须要带定冠词：如果表特指，其前用定冠词，如果

意义较泛，其前仍不用定冠词。如：

The people who work next door are architects. 在隔壁工作的那些人是建筑师。

货代公司的文件文员需要认识哪些基本的贸易英语

原文，

Lower oil prices in a timely manner, both for the private owners of vacation expenses while sing for their ceremony, presented a more refined oil price mechanism for the maintenance of the prestige of the implementation of measures to the market mechanism and then step by step.

National Development and Reform Commission recently issued a circular, decided at 12:00 on September 30 with effect from gasoline and diesel prices are down 190 yuan per ton, calculated to the retail price of 90 # gasoline and 0 # diesel oil ? liter is about the national erage decreased 0 .14 yuan and 0.16 yuan. This is the year, China's refined oil prices in the seventh revision.

After the last delay increases, the Development and Reform Commission this say about the finished product prices were down, although the decline is less than market expectations, but this time not only makes the adjustment mechanism of the outside of the finished product price is not over-react, but also making the National Day holiday trel in a private car owners can se a sum of money for the 60th anniversary of New China, presented a ceremony of Daqing. This adjustment not only safeguard the oil price mechanism for refined roach to the implementation of the prestige, but also conforms to market requirements.

We note that the uncertainty of economic recovery, high oil inventories and other factors, international market, oil prices a certain degree of drop in international oil price benchmark New York Mercantile Exchange, November crude oil futures contract for delivery in pricing below 66 U.S. dollars / barrel The minimum bid is only 65.41 U.S. dollars / barrel, while September 2 last adjustment of China's domestic refined oil price, the Brent, Dubai, Cinta three benchmark crude oil eraged 22, moving 71.52 U.S. dollars / barrels, a decline has reached the "measures" regulatory requirements.

In fact, since the last increase in domestic oil prices since the domestic market, oil prices began to drop the case. To the southwest, for example, after side of the domestic market price of oil has been the most tight, but the rise since September 2 after the price of oil, refined oil wholesale market prices began to fall. September 25, Chengdu 90 # gasoline wholesale price 6300 yuan / ton, No. 0 diesel 6100 yuan / ton, higher than the maximum wholesale price of standard below 1,000 yuan per ton, the highest. While in the agricultural province of Henan after the peak of the harvest of grain, after the emergence of rapidly declining trend, as compared with the September 2, Sinopec's 93 wholesale price of gasoline has fallen by about 250 yuan per ton; 0 # diesel oil dropped by 320 yuan per ton. Can see that the needs of the domestic market has been unable to crude oil prices to provide support. Reduction is an inevitable trend.

译文，

油价的适时下调，既是为长的私家车主节省了一笔开支，为他们献上一礼，更是维护了成品油价机制实施办法的威信，向市场机制再迈一步。

国家发展改革委近日发出通知，决定自9月30日零时起将汽、柴油价格每吨均下调190元，测算到零售价格90号汽油和0号柴油?全国平均　每升约分别降低0．14元和0．16元。这是今年以来，中国成品油价格的第七次调整。

在经过上次的延迟上涨之后，发改委此次如约对成品油价进行了下调，虽然小于市场预期的降幅，但是这个及时的调整既使得外界对成品油价的机制不在过度反应，也使得国庆长出行的私家车主可以节省一笔资金，为新中国60周年大庆献上一礼。这个调整既维护了成品油价机制实施办法的威信，也顺应了市场的要求。

我们注意到，受经济复苏前景不明朗、石油库存高企等因素影响，国际市场油价出现一定程度的回落，国际油价标杆纽约商品11月交货的原油期货合约报价跌破66美元／桶，最低报价只有65．41美元／桶，而9月2日我国上一次调节国内成品油价格之时，布伦特、迪拜、辛塔三地基准原油22日移动均价为71．52美元／桶，降幅已经达到了《办法》的调整要求。

实际上，自上次国内油价上调以来，国内市场的油价就开始出现下调的情形。以西南地区为例，此前这边的油价一直是国内市场最紧俏的，但是自9月2日上调油价后，成品油批发市场价格便开始下跌。9月25日，成都地区90号汽油批发价为6300元／吨左右，0号柴油为6100元／吨左右，较规定的最高批发价标准，每吨最高低了1000多元。而处于农业大省的河南在经过粮食收割的高峰之后，也迅速的出现的下降趋势，与9月2日相比，中石化的93号汽油批发价每吨已下跌约250元；0号柴油每吨降了320元。可见国内市场的需求已经无法对原油价格的上涨提供支持。下调已经是一个必然的走向。

把这些贸易术语及缩略语先背熟了

ANER 亚洲北美东行运费协定 Asia NorthAmerica EastboundRate

B组

BAF（燃油附加费）：BUNKER ADJUSTMENT FACTOR

BAF 燃油附加费，大多数航线都有，但标准不一。

BAF 燃油附加费 Bunker AdjustmentFactor

B/L（提单）：BILL OF LADING

B/L 海运提单 Bill of Lading

B/L （bill of lading)提单

B/R 买价 Buying Rate

C组（主要运费已付）

CFR 成本加运费（……指定目的港）

CFR(cost and freight)成本加运费价

C&F（成本加运费）：COST AND FREIGHT

C&F 成本加海运费 COST AND FREIGHT

CIF 成本、保险费加运费付至（……指定目的港）

CIF 成本，保险加海运费 COST，INSURANCE，FRIGHT

CIF（成本运费加保险，俗称“到岸价”）：COST INSURANCE AND FREIGHT

FOB （离岸价）：FREE ON BOARD

CPT 运费付至（……指定目的港）

CPT 运费付至目的地 Carriage Paid To

CIP 运费、保险费付至（……指定目的地）

CIP 运费、保险费付至目的地 Carriage and Insurance Paid To

CY/CY 整柜交货（起点/终点）

C.Y. 货柜场 Container Yard

CY（码头）：CONTAINER YARD

CFS（场）：CARGO FREIGHT STATION

C/D (customs declaration)报关单

C．C．（运费到付）：COLLECT

C.C 运费到付 Collect

CNTR NO. （柜号）：CONTAINER NUMBER

C.O (certificate of origin)一般原产地证

CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons)纸箱

C.S.C 货柜服务费 Container Service Charge

C/(CNEE) 收货人 Consignee

C/O 产地证 Certificate of Origin

CAF 货币汇率附加费 Currency Adjustment Factor

CFS 散货仓库 Container Freight Station

CFS/CFS 散装交货（起点/终点）

CHB 报关行 Customs House Broker

COMM 商品 Commodity

CTNR 柜子 Container

D组（到达）

DAF 边境交货（……指定地点）

DAF 边境交货 Delivered At Frontier

DES 目的港船上交货（……指定目的港）

DES 目的港船上交货 Delivered Ex Ship

DEQ 目的港码头交货（……指定目的港）

DEQ 目的港码头交货 Delivered Ex Quay

DDU 未完税交货（……指定目的地）

DDU 未完税交货 Delivered Duty Unpaid

DDP 完税后交货（……指定目的地）

DDP 完税后交货 Delivered Duty Paid

DDC、IAC 直航附加费，美加航线使用

DDC 目的港码头费 Destination Delivery Charge

DL/DLS(dollar/dollars)美元

D/P(document against payment)付款交单

D/P 付款交单 Document Against Payment

DOC (document)文件、单据

DOC（文件费）：DOCUMENT CHARGE

Doc# 文件号码 Document Number

D/A (document against acceptance)承兑交单

D/A 承兑交单 Document Against Acceptance

DOZ/DZ(dozen)一打

D/O 到港通知 Delivery Order

E组（发货）

EXW 工厂交货（……指定地点）

Ex 工厂交货 Work/ExFactory

ETA（到港日）：ESTIMATED TIME OF ARRIVAL

ETD（开船日）：ESTIMATED TIME OF DELIVERY

ETC（截关日）：ESTIMATED TIME OF CLOSING

EBS、EBA 部分航线燃油附加费的表示方式，EBS一般是澳洲航线使用， EBA一般 是非洲航线、中南美航线使用

EXP（export)出口

EA(each)每个，各

EPS 设备位置附加费 Equipment Position Surcharges

F组（主要运费未付）

FCA 货交承运人（……指定地点）

FCA 货交承运人 Free Carrier

FAS 船边交货（……指定装运港）

FOB 船上交货（……指定装运港）

FOB 船上交货 Free On Board

FOB （离岸价）：FREE ON BOARD

CIF（成本运费加保险，俗称“到岸价”）：COST INSURANCE AND FREIGHT

FCL（整箱货）：FULL CONTAINER CARGO LOAD

FCL 整柜 Full Container Load

LCL（拼箱货）：LESS THAN ONECONTAINER CARGO LOAD

FAF 燃油价调整附加费（日本航线专用）

FAF 燃料附加费 Fuel AdjustmentFactor

FAC(facsimile)传真

Form A ---产地证（贸易公司）

F/F 货运代理 Freight Forwarder

FAK 各种货品 Freight All Kind

FAS 装运港船边交货 Free Alongside Ship

Feeder Vessel/Lighter 驳船航次

FEU 40‘柜型 Forty-Foot Equivalent Unit 40’

FMC 联邦海事委员会 Federal Maritime Commission

FIO是FREE IN AND OUT的意思，指船公司不付装船和卸船费用

FIOST条款,指船公司不负责装,卸,平舱,理舱

FI是FREE IN的意思，指船公司不付装

FO是FREE OUT的意思，同理指船公司不付卸

G组

GRI 综合费率上涨附加费，一般是南美航线、美国航线使用

GRI 全面涨价 General RateIncrease

G.W.(gross weight)毛重

G.W.(gross weight)毛重

N.W.(net weight)净重

G.S.P.(generalized system of preferences)普惠制

H组

HB/L（货代提单）：HOUSE BILL OF LADING

HBL 子提单 House B/L

H/C 代理费 Handling Charge

I 组

IFA 临时燃油附加费，某些航线临时使用

INT（international)国际的

INV (invoice)

IMP(import)进口

I/S 内销售 Inside Sales

IA 各别调价 Independent Action

J 组

JP---代表“日元”

L组

FCL（整箱货）：FULL CONTAINER CARGO LOAD

LCL（拼箱货）：LESS THAN ONECONTAINER CARGO LOAD

LCL 拼柜 Less Than Container Load

L/C （letter of credit)信用证

L/C 信用证 Letter of Credit

Land Bridge 陆桥

M 组

MB/L 主提单 Master Bill Of Loading

MIN (minimum)最小的，最低限度

M/V（merchant vessel)商船

MT或M/T(metric ton)公吨

M/T 尺码吨（即货物收费以尺码计费） Measurement Ton

MAX (maximum)最大的、最大限度的

M 或MED (medium)中等，中级的

MLB 小陆桥，自一港到另一港口 Minni Land Bridge

Mother Vessel 主线船

MTD 多式联运单据 Multimodal Transport Document

N组

NOVCC（无船承运人）：NON VESSEL OPRERATING COMMON CARRIER

NVOCC 无船承运人 Non Vessel OperatingCommon Carrier

N.W.(net weight)净重

N/F 通知人 Notify

O组

O/F 海运费 Ocean Freight

O/F（海运费）：OCEAN FREIGHT

ORC（广东地区原产地收货费）：ORIGINAL RECEIVING CHARGE

OB/L（海运提单）：OCEAN BILL OF LADING

OBL 海运提单 Ocean (or original )B/L

ORC 本地出口附加费，和SPS类似，一般在华南地区使用

ORC 本地收货费用（广东省收取） Origen Recevie Charges

OCP 货主自行安排运到内陆点 Overland Continental Point

OP 操作 Operation

P组

POD 目地港 Port Of Destination

POL 装运港 Port Of Loading

PSS 旺季附加费 Peak Season Sucharges

PSS（旺季附加费）：PEAK CEASON SURCHARGE

PSS 旺季附加费，大多数航线在运输旺季时可能临时使用

REF （reference)参考、查价

RMB（renminbi)人民币

PR或PRC(price) 价格

P/P（运费预付）：FREIGHT PREPAID

P.P 预付 Prepaid

PCS 港口拥挤附加费，一般是以色列、印度某些港口及中南美航线使用

PCS 港口拥挤附加费 Port Congestion Surcharge

PTF 巴拿马运河附加费，美国航线、中南美航线使用

PKG(package)一包，一捆，一扎，一件等

PCE/PCS(piece/pieces)只、个、支等

P/L (packing list)装箱单、明细表

PCT (percent)百分比

PUR (purchase)购买、购货

S组

S/O（订舱单）：SHIPPING ORDER

S/O 装货指示书 Shipping Order

SEAL NO. （铅封号）

S/C（sales contract)销售确认书

S/C 售货合同 Sales Contract

SC 服务合同 Service Contract

STL.(style)式样、款式、类型

SPS 上海港口附加费（船挂上港九区、十区）

S.S(steamship)船运

S/M （shipping marks)装船标记

S/(Shpr) 发货人 Shipper

S/R 卖价 Selling Rate

S/S Spread Sheet Spread Sheet

SSL 船公司 Steam Ship Line

SDR special drawing rights 特别权

T组

THC（码头费）：TERMINAL HANDLING CHARGE

THC 码头操作费（香港收取) Terminal Handling Charges

T/T（电汇）：TELEGRAM TRANSIT

T/T 航程 Transit Time

T/T(telegraphic transfer)电汇

T.O.C 码头操作费 Terminal Operations Option

T.R.C 码头收柜费 Terminal Receiving Charge

T/S 转船，转运 Trans-Ship

TVC/ TVR 定期定量合同 Time Volume Contract/ Rate

TEU 20‘柜型 Twenty-Foot Equivalent Unit 20’

TTL 总共 Total

T或LTX或TX(telex)电传

V组

VESSEL/VOYE（船名/航次）

VOCC 船公司 Vessel Operating Common Carrier

W组

W (with)具有

WT(weight)重量

W/T 重量吨(即货物收费以重量计费) Weight Ton

w/o(without)没有

W/M 即以重量吨或者尺码吨中从高收费 Weight or Measurement ton

Y组

YAS 日元升值附加费（日本航线专用）

YAS 码头附加费 Yard Surcharges